Wednesday, September 03, 2008

some thoughts on rhyme and metre

well i've been reading All the Fun's in How You Say a Thing by Timothy Steele... and it's really a neat piece of work. not too over the top like Rhythms of English Poetry, but not exactly aimed at a complete stranger to poetry. It targets "beginners". i guess i'm abt there. so, well. there hv been some interesting ideas thrown around. i dont agree with everything, obviously, but then again, i think its quite stupid to raise those grouses here. well i'm abt halfway thru it, meaning that ive jus finished the half of the bk dedicated to iambic verse. so obviously things like examining the pattern of the iambic line and stuff like substitutions come up. and caesuras and enjambment. i kinda liked the chapter on elision though. elision doesnt really get covered normally this much in depth. then again, i guess there are studies that cover it more extensively. but for an entry level book on metre and versification or prosody, it's not half bad. 

well the first few chapters, and a considerable part of the first half, deal with the idea of metre as a paradigm, and of its realization in speech as rhythm. so there will be lines whose rhythms more closely express the pattern by means of very strong and very weak speech stresses, and of course those that fall in the gray, so to speak. ok, all tts cool. then there was a section on rhythmical modulation, and about how it is not distorting the iambic line, or departing from it, but on modulating it while keeping to its structure by means of avoiding maximal- minimal feet and to some extent substitutions and hypermetric syllables or hypometric (?) syllables (well generally acephalous lines in iambic pentameter, though you have broken backed lines, too). hm in a nutshell i guess tts it. and then there was sum stuff abt rhythmical variation by means of caesura and enjambment, our happy couple, and grammar, which i thought was really cool, like syntax and syllable count (ok i know i dont do it justice by expressing it so poorly like this). anw... i cld go on all day wif a summary, so i guess heres where i'll jus put in what struck me.

its really very trivial, but: "Johnson raises here several interesting points. For one thing, as far as we can tell, it was easier to hear ancient Greek and Latin poetry, unaccompained by rhyme, than it is to hear rhymeless verse in Modern English (ie. meter comes across more strongly). All the available testimony (eg. Cicero, De Oratore 3.195-96 (hes quoted in full by Attridge, if i remember correctly, and i shld hv posted smth abt it earlier on in the year)) indicateds that even unschooled audiences, with no text before them and with no previous knowledge of what they were listening to, grapsed metrical patterns and objected to violations or slips in their use. (ok fine, but heres the really impt part..) And as Paul Maas has commented in comparing the verse of ancient Greece to that of modern Europe, "[W]ithout the aid of rhyme one cannot achieve that impression of closely knit discourse which Greek poetry, even in the loosest metres and in the least elevated style, never fails to give. "" 

ok maybe i was just ignorant the first time i read it, but im sure the quote was used wrongly. here its quite obvious that it had nothing to do with the ear of the people of those times (though it might very well be, too, hm...), but that the very language of ancient Greece and thereby their verse, lent itself more suitably to perceiving a consistent rhythm and subsequently structure that English seems to be unable to emulate as well. and then rhyme comes in to lend a hand (though that can be easily disputed till no end).

so yea. cool stuff. maybe the nex post will be more critical haha.

Sunday, August 31, 2008

length

here are some interesting numbers to crunch:

the epic of gilgamesh: over 3000 lines

beowulf: over 3000 lines

paradise lost: over 10000 lines

the aeneid: over 10000 lines (incomplete)

metamorphoses: over 12000 lines

the odyssey: over 12000 lines

divina commedia: over 14000 lines

the iliad: over 15000 lines

the canterbury tales: over 17000 lines (theres prose inside, though. no idea how they count that. incomplete)

ok theres relli no basis for comparison, especially for the translated works. but owell, if you've ever wondered how epic the epics are.. here are... some interesting numbers!

as a sidenote, maybe i should go read the nibelungenlied...

Saturday, August 16, 2008

sophistication on translation

well, maybe that's an exaggeration. but in any case, its better than my take on it i think. i quote from All the Fun's in How You Say a Thing by Timothy Steele: 

"In chapter 62 of part 2 of Miguel de Cervantes' Don Quixote, the hero falls into converstaion with a bookseller and remarks of translation:

[I]t appears to me that translating from one language to another, unless it be from one of those two queenly tongues, Greek and Latin, is like gazing at a Flemish tapestry with the wrong side out: even though the figures are visible, they are full of threads that obscure the view and are not bright and smooth as when seen from the other side. 

We call a literary work a "text", and Cervantes' simile about translations may remind us that "text" comes from the Latin texere, meaning "to weave". Lovers of verse will find this etymology appropriate, because excellent poetry has a texture as palpable as that of beautifully woven cloth. Poets do not literally interlace lines warp-and-woof fashion, but they do draw them together into a single verbal fabric. And this process contributes, no less than does the modulation of individual lines, to the distinctive rhythms of a poem."

well ok, pretty cool stuff. well that's still better than "translation is betrayal" so... 

anyway i wonder why only Greek and Latin are "queenly tongues". and for that matter, why "queenly"? hm. and i maybe im just ignorant, but y Flemish tapestry? they're the best in the world? or is it jus don quixote being... don quixote. uh. 

well the metaphor of poetry as fabric, or tapestry, rather, is interesting. i'm not sure if it fully encapsulates it, but its an interesting comparison to draw. and of course, i think that the analogy for translation is quite well expressed. well, better than my attempts earlier on in the year... hm. mebbe there'll be better still.

Sunday, August 10, 2008

hospitals

hm, i seem to be coming into contact with hospitals quite abit recently. and no, not as a patient. well tt observation is probably just a pretext for me to um, talk about them some.

the etymology of "hospital" probably comes from something to the effect of "hospice" rather than "hospitable" (although "hospice" does also have something of "hospitable" in its own etymology). "patient" on the other hand, comes from a word meaning "to suffer". in that sense, the patient in the hospital is a more accurate use of the word's root than say the virtue "patience". i suppose "patience" is the figurative use of it, since "patience" is often replaced by "longsuffering", which makes perfect sense. 

several contemplative (? thought? logic?) experiments later (or maybe the word is just "musings" which is amusing, admittedly..) and there r several things of interest (well at least to me). 1- a patient goes to a hospitable hospital. 2- a patient goes for hospice care in a hospital. 3- a patient patient goes to hospital. now i guess consider all the inverse situations, and all the possible permutations and combinations and... u get something very trivial! ah well, i thought it was funny to think about the etymologies...

lets see, on the figurative level, what does a hospital represent/ symbolize? a caring institution of healing and convalescence? a hell hole of sickness and disease? a warm, sensitive environment? or a cold, sterile corporation only thinking of turning a profit? is a hospital a refuge of hope or a stockade of despair (well, an exaggeration unless u hv a terminal illness or something i guess..) 

well sensibly, u dun go to a hospital for superficial problems. for that a visit to the clinic would suffice. so i guess the hospital in a sense is a weightier institution. but i guess u can still be a patient anywhere, and theres very little to identify u; perhaps u'd identify yourself as either a hospital patient or a clinic patient. heh. owell..

well i guess for most part, the operation (ahahahaha) of a hospital isnt particularly fascinating, but its interesting how it finds its way into art as a symbol or a setting. well ok, i dont think this consideration is complete, but, ive kinda run out of the obvious ideas. another time then.